We've been talking that topic to death and and it does appear that contrarily to popular belief 9x doesn't run on top of DOS. I refer you to Matt Pietrek's excellent book Windows 95 System Programming Secrets and Microsoft's own online documentation about that. Windows prior to version 3.0 ran over DOS 3.0/3.1 Introduced enhanced mode which is essentialy a DPMI manager and Virtual Machine ( which uses the 386 Linear Executable for drivers, which are essentialy Ring 0 Library modules, with a defined entry point and call table.) Thus whilst Windows 95 does indeed use DOS to boot, it does in fact have it's own internal API and system calls other than the Win32 or Win16 API. However, IIRC the Dos portion is mantianed in memory so that it can be supplied on request to DOS programs running in a VM. Windows ME, still has some DOS, but it's only really a Boot Stub. Windows XP onwards (and NT before it) are a completly different animal as they use a different boot loader So any interest in starting to write StaggOS? I am no where near able to do this myself.. ------------- From what I can see. this is what happens (from boot) - meaning the components needing to be written are determinable. (16 bit Real Mode code) The Boot Sector is loaded from disc which bootstraps IO.SYS (MSDOS.SYS is a text file in 9x series systems. ) IO.SYS reads the Confing.SYS file to load REAL MODE dos drivers and setup the DOS codepages and keyboard, it loads DRVSPACE.BIN if needed) followed by COMMAND.COM and transfers control. COMMAND.COM loads Autoexec.BAT and executes it... Typically the AUTOEXEC.BAT Calls WIN.COM effectivly saying the Real MODE DOS Setup is complete. WIN.COM - Strictly speaking this should be WIN.EXE, loads and starts HIMEM.SYS, IFSMGR.SYS and some other support code, before switching to protected mode, loading and starting the Virtual Machine Manager (in VMM32.VXD or WIN386.EXE) The drivers specfied in the registry and in SYSTEM.INI are loaded in the appropriate order. The KERNEL,GDI and USER Processes are started, followed by the loading of any user mode drivers (i.e DRV as opposed to 386 or VXD). WIN.COM's final act before idling or terminating is to start and transfer control to the SHELL process which loads the remaining portions (typically Explorer.EXE or PROGMAN.EXE) before idling.. Congratualtions you have booted ----